Purpose. When Israel came under Syrian-Greek rule in 175 BCE, the Jews were persecuted and ultimately forbidden to practice their ancient faith. This led to a revolt instigated by an aged priest, Mattathias who, with his sons and a poorly armed band of followers, attempted to overthrow the enemy. After years of fighting, the Jews were temporarily successful and drove out the enemy. Meantime Mattathias died and his son Judah carried on the struggle. He was known as "The Maccabean," from the initial letters on his banner of the motto Mi Chamochah Ba'elim A-donai - "Who is like you O God?" The festival of Chanukah (Lit. "Dedication") thus marks both the defeat of the enemy and the rededication of the desecrated Temple. Date. Chanukah is celebrated for eight days from the 25th Kislev. Names Hanukkah - "Dedication." This name commemorates the rededication of the Temple. The Hebrew name also incorporates a short history lesson, for it can be divided into two parts: Hanu - "they rested" and kah - "twenty five," recalling the day when the fighting ceased and the Temple was dedicated. Hag Ha'urim - "The Festival of Lights." This name describes the main feature of the Festival, namely the lighting of an eight-branch candelabrum. Observance At home
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