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Counting the OmerEthics of the Fathers (Pirkei Avot)There is an ancient custom from Talmudic times to read Pirkei Avot the (Chapters of the Fathers) in instalments on Sabbath afternoons, from the Sabbath following Pesach until that preceding Rosh Hashanah. (The Sephardic custom is to read this from Pesach until Shavuot.) The purpose of reading this is to encourage Jews to observe the Torah and do good deeds. Mourning and sadness during the period
Pesach Sheni (Second Pesach )Anyone who was not ritually clean, or who was on a journey, and therefore could not offer the korban Pesach (Pesach sacrifice) at the correct time, could bring it a month later, on the 14th of Iyar. The general principle that a sacrifice cannot be brought after its specified time does not apply to the korban pesach in this case.
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Song | Concept | Symbols | Customs | Laws | Prayers | Names | |
Akdamot Liturgy | |||||||
Bikkurim (first produce) | |||||||
King David | |||||||
Harvest Festival | |||||||
The time when our Torah was given | |||||||
The Day of the Bikkurim | |||||||
Greenery | |||||||
Lag Ba'Omer | |||||||
The Two Tablets of the Law (or of Moses) | |||||||
Dairy food | |||||||
Book of Ruth | |||||||
The Omer | |||||||
Giving of the Torah | |||||||
Atzeret | |||||||
Pesach Sheni(Second Pesach) | |||||||
Pirkei Avot (Chapters of the Fathers) | |||||||
Rabbi Akiva | |||||||
Rabbi Shimon bar Yohai | |||||||
The seven types of produce | |||||||
The three days of separation | |||||||
Shavuot | |||||||
Tikkun Leil Shavuot (Night of Vigil) |
When Moses told the Israelites in Egypt 'You will worship G-d', they asked him 'When?' He replied: 'At the end of fifty days'. Everyone counted individually. Hence, the rabbis explained the basis of the mitzva of counting the Omer as follows: The whole basis of Israel is the Torah, the receiving of which was the prime reason for the liberation from Egypt. This is a greater issue for Israel than mere liberation from slavery. They were therefore commanded to count from the day after the [first day of the] Festival of Pesach until the day of the Giving of the Torah to show their desire for the Great Day, the day when the Torah was given.
The Omer
Rabbi Judah quoted Rabbi Akiva as follows:
'Why does the Torah ask us to bring the Omer on Pesach? Because Pesach is the time when there is produce. G-d told us to bring the Omer on Pesach so that the produce in our fields may be blessed.'
(Beraitha, quoted in Talmud Rosh Hashanah p. 16)
New Produce
New produce of barley, wheat, spelt (a type of wheat), rye and oats may not be eaten until the 16th of Nisan, the day on which the Omer is brought. The mitzva of bringing the omer (of barley, which is the earlier crop) corresponds to that of the bikkurim (two loaves of wheat, the later crop) on Shavuot, and symbolises the recognition of G-d's goodness as Lord of the Universe.